Securing views Berg

The magazine mobile has an article on roaming tariff when you roam and use the data, where operators from March 1 to have a service that locks for overuse.

It is clear from both the comments and quotes in the paper that there are skills shortages in many hands on the issue.

First - international, roaming, so set off the
International, roaming between operators is measured and charged between operators based on a system called TAP. Each operator who acts as the host for foreign roamare sends "events" (Call Detail Records, thus records of each event in the network) in TAP format. The demands of the GSM Association, is that these will normally be delivered within 36 hours, but in extraordinary cases, they accepted up to 30 days. Operators can itself agree that older CDRs are acceptable, but it occurs only rarely.

Then - International roaming and "Fraud" and reckless overuse
Roaming was early in an area that attracted fraudsters. Already in the NMT 450 days there were methods for doing so. When cloned to identities of existing mobile devices, which function would prevent the SIS at a later stage. It did not as fully realized before MNT died out.

When GSM was introduced, there were words from the beginning built technical barriers in the form of authentication and warning reporting, the "High Usage Reports" (HOW). GSM Association have called on HOW; about a customer's consumption in a given network passed a certain level at 24 hours, the street network to fax a report to the home network. Did not show fax machine became so visit the web manager for the home network has not managed to get paid for this consumption.

During the introduction is now NRTRDE (Near Real Time Roaming Data Exchange) which means that visits the web to send a stream of raw CDRs in a simple format, which is supposed to be fed into an FDS (Fraud Detection System), which bums to analyze and warn of overuse, just as they have traditionally done for national service. Has launched NRTRDE and you have as an operator only four hours to deliver CDRs, otherwise, the responsibility for the home operator is unable to get paid.

These are the prerequisites for detecting usage based on data supplied from the visits online, BUT - and this is a big but - in most cases, the home network to detect directly in real time based on data already in the home network;

# Outgoing messages are sent using your own message center (It called SMSC in the mobile). Home network may choose to charge the customer based on a CDR from SCMS St or the one you receive through TAP. Those who come from SMSC: t have the same realitidsproduktion they sent in the home network.

# Received calls always go through the home network, since it technically takes the call in the home and then it will follow me to the foreign destination. Although the home network can choose if you want to charge based on our CDR performance from their gear, or the one coming via TAP by visiting the web. The benefits of taking CDR of TAP is that it may contain an "airtime charge" that you want to charge the customer for cases where the visit network charges for received calls (U.S., Thailand, Hong Kong and some countries). The second advantage is that TAP our CDR performance always contains the correct time in the visitors' net, while the generated home is correct after the watch at home when the call took place. But as I said, that generated at home is real in the same manner as those received in the home network, so anything that can block national calls for technically be able to block the roaming calls.

# Data can be handled in two ways; technically optimum may be to visit the web link data directly to the public Internet ("VPMN routing"), but this happens in very few - if any - cases. Instead, it is so that the home network routes the traffic home and decide which way it shall be given to the public Internet ("HPMN routing"). It should visit the CDRs from the network in the form of CDRs in the TAP generated by the SGSN node, but then also from the local node GGSN. Data from the GGSN is available in real time in the same way as traffic generated in the home network. Most of the Swedish operators have functions for cutting off the data over a certain volume, and this locking is most likely implemented in the GGSN. Functionally, it should therefore not be unrealistic to implement a throttling and blocking even on the monetary dimension of roaming traffic.

# The only mode of transport that home operator has real-time control is therefore making calls. Here is a reliance on the foreign service provider for data, with the exception of cases where the CAMEL feature is implemented. Is CAMEL - the right phase - as it has in fact also tracks outgoing calls in real time.

As a direct comment on what appears
- Real-Time Billing between operators do not have to be introduced before the home operator has the technical conditions for the introduction of barriers and restrictions on data roaming. Home Operators can and should charge the customer on the GGSN data and because it's a lock on the amount of the end customer will be charged as required - not on what is charged between operators - and you have ALL the relevant information available in real time.
- A minor share of global operators now use mark-up (ie, where one applies a percentage to the wholesale rate it pays to the foreign operator). Only Tele2 applying this principle of the Swedish operators. The majority of the world's operators abandoned this billing policy for over a decade ago.

However, I agree with one thing: Telecommunication is battleships - they do not turn in 5 trout and can not reasonably be required this. All information required from an availability of nearly 100% must also be granted a right to develop and then test in a controlled form in order not to jeopardize the stability.